Vacuum Coaters wet coating technology and coating technology

      Vacuum Coaters wet coating technology and coating technology

Membrane extensive selection of vacuum coating technology, you can control the thickness of the film and coating system functionality and performance of different films, can make a lot of new material with chemical and physical properties.
Wet coating technology is way past a coating that plating or electroplating, chemical reduction of the principles applied in the material deposited, this method will produce waste polluting the environment, in the past a lot of plating plant because of pollution problems have changed the coating process .
Vacuum coating system film coating technology, the film less susceptible to contamination, in a vacuum environment can be improved purity and compactness, no waste without pollution. Vacuum coating itself is contaminated, but the actual vacuum system will be used in organic coatings, it will also cause pollution, but compared to the wet plating technique, a lot less pollution, high efficiency vacuum coating technology has strong vitality, but it does not mean that vacuum coating technology can completely replace the traditional wet coating technology, and in the thickness of the film, the anti-aging still take advantage of the wet coating method, vacuum coating thin film coating system.
In addition, a solid layer is affected by the process and adhesion, either wet or vacuum coating technology coating technology, if the material surface is not clean and will affect the binding layer material.
With the development of science and technology, vacuum coating technology industries has become a means of improving product quality, low cost vacuum coating significant economic benefits so that more and more companies eager, China's production of vacuum coating machine has reached a considerable level, the system can be plated vacuum coating materials are also more and more, but the foreign equipment and contrast a little gap also exists for the development of vacuum technology to be improved.

Historical Development of vacuum coating technology

Historical Development of vacuum coating technology
In the film prepared in vacuo, crystalline coating system comprising a metal, semiconductor, insulator and other elemental or compound film. Although the chemical vapor deposition also uses vacuum, low pressure or vacuum plasma and other means, but generally refers to a physical vacuum deposition method for depositing a thin film. Vacuum coating has three forms, namely vapor deposition, sputtering and ion plating.
Vacuum coating technology is now beginning in the 1930s, forties and fifties began industrial applications, industrial mass production began in the 1980s, has made a wide range of applications in the electronics, aerospace, packaging, decoration, gilt printing and other industries. Vacuum coating means in a vacuum environment, a metal or metal compound vapor is deposited onto the surface of the material in the form of (usually non-metallic material), is a physical vapor deposition process. Because often the metal film coating, it is also called vacuum metallization.
Generalized vacuum coating further comprises a metal or non-metallic materials and other non-metallic surface of the vacuum vapor deposition polymer functional film. In all plating material to the plastic is most common, followed by, for paper coating. Relative to metals, ceramics, wood and other materials, plastics have sufficient sources of performance is easy to control, easy processing and other advantages, so a wide variety of plastic or other polymer materials as structural engineering decorative materials, widely used in automobiles, household appliances, household packaging, decorative and other industrial fields. However, the presence of surface hardness of plastic materials are mostly not high enough to look gorgeous, abrasion and low defects, such as the plastic surface layer deposited thin metal film can be given away plastic bright metallic appearance, suitable metal source also can greatly increase the wear resistance of the material surface, greatly expanded the scope and application of decorative plastic.

Vacuum coating machine theory and analysis of the various components

Vacuum coating machine theory and analysis of the various components
Vacuum coating machine is currently the most widely produced vacuum vacuum equipment, usually with a vacuum chamber, vacuum unit, electrical control cabinet of three parts, exhaust system uses a "diffusion pump + roots pump mechanical pump + + + Cold trap polycold "components. The company specializes in vacuum coating equipment development and production has experienced technical team and quality service team for you to solve any problems in the use of equipment encountered. The following detailed description of each part of the composition and working principle of vacuum coating machines.
First, the main vacuum - a vacuum chamber according to the size of the processed product requirements vary, are not the same vacuum chamber, currently the most widely used of diameter 1.3M, 0.9M, 1.5M, 1.8M, etc., the cavity made of stainless steel "target = _blank> stainless steel, requires no rust, solid, etc., to connect the various parts of the vacuum chamber has a valve, used to connect each suction pump.
Two auxiliary pumping system: an important part of the exhaust system for vacuum coating machine system, mainly by mechanical pump, booster pump (pump introduces the Roots), three major oil diffusion pump. The exhaust system uses a "diffusion pump + mechanical pump + roots pump Cold trap + polycold" components. Exhaust process: first a mechanical pump vacuum chamber evacuated to less than about 2.0 * 10-2PA low vacuum, vacuum diffusion pump provides premise successor, then when the diffusion pump vacuum chamber, but also with the mechanical pump oil diffusion composition tandem pump, in such a manner pumping action.
Mechanical pump: also called foreline pump, mechanical pump is the most widely used as a roughing pump, which is to remain sealed and oil mechanical methods rely constantly changing volume of the pump suction cavity, so that the container is drawn expanding the gas within the volume to obtain a vacuum.
1. Mechanical pumps Category: Mechanical pumps There are many commonly used slide vacuum valve (this mainly applies to large-scale equipment), reciprocating piston, fixed and rotary vane chip (this is currently the most widely used, this article describes) four types.
2. The mechanical pump is to work from the atmosphere, its main parameters are the ultimate vacuum, pumping speed, this is the design and selection of an important basis for the mechanical pump. Single-stage pump may be pumped from the atmosphere, the container 1.0 * 10-1PA ultimate vacuum, the two-stage mechanical pump containers may be pumped from the atmosphere 6.7 * 10-2 Pa, or even higher. Pumping rate, refers to the rotary vane pump operation at rated rpm, the volume of gas that can be discharged per unit time, you can use the following formula to calculate: Sth = 2nVs = 2nfsL fs temporal end, said suction chamber cross-sectional area, L is empty cavity length, coefficient represents twice per rotor revolution exhaust process, Vs indicates when the rotor is in the horizontal position, the end of inspiration, the maximum volume of the cavity space and time, the rotational speed is n. Mechanical pump exhaust also has the effect of motor speed and the tightness of the belt relationships relatively loose belt when the motor, the motor speed is very slow when the effect of the mechanical pump exhaust will deteriorate, so regular maintenance point inspection, mechanical pump oil seal also needs often point inspection, the oil is too small, amounting to less than a sealing effect, it will leak in the pump, oil too, the suction hole clogged the intake and exhaust can not, in general, in The oil level can be online under 0.5 cm.
3. Mechanical pumps are often used for pumping dry air, but not too high oxygen content extraction, explosive and corrosive gases, the mechanical pump is typically used for pumping permanent gas, but not water vapor good results, so it is not pumping water vapor. Rotary vane pumps play a major role in the parts are stator, rotor, shrapnel, etc., but the inside of the rotor and the stator in different stator mandrel, as two of the inscribed circle, the rotor slot is equipped with two shrapnel, shrapnel middle two spring-loaded, to ensure that the shrapnel firmly attached to the inner wall of the stator.

The vacuum chamber vacuum coating equipment how to design

The vacuum chamber vacuum coating equipment how to design

The vacuum chamber vacuum coating equipment how to design? Vacuum coating technology is the use of physical or chemical methods under vacuum conditions, so that the membrane surface to obtain the required vacuum coating technology which uses a method according to the different sections is divided into evaporation deposition, sputtering, ion plating, molecular beam deposition, and beam epitaxy, coating equipment is used in this analysis magnetron sputtering.
The vacuum chamber is a principal part of the vacuum apparatus, the vacuum chamber is the design of the main sealing and reliability considerations, the structure must be reasonable, the material production of vacuum equipment is carried out in a vacuum chamber, the vacuum degree of the influence of the material to be small, design can not be sloppy, pay attention to some problems.
Using magnetron sputtering vacuum coating equipment is commonly used in the main structure of the cylinder, the structure to ensure rapid evacuation, because airbags will deflate slowly, so to avoid isolated pockets, the upper end of the vacuum system will be installed magnetron sputtering a gun, the vacuum chamber and components in order to have sufficient strength to ensure that no change in the external shape and internal forces, the thickness needs to be sufficient.
Welding is a vacuum chamber in the manufacture of an important process to ensure that the vacuum chamber after welding does not produce leakage phenomenon, to be rational design of welded structures, improve the welding quality, ultra-high vacuum in the inner wall of the roughness of the surface to be polished to make it outdoors indoors smooth, special attention is required to prevent rust.
Leading coating decade specializing in a variety of vacuum coating application equipment manufacturers, over the years committed to the development and production of vacuum coating machine, with the latest technology to create a vacuum plating continue to meet market needs equipment, providing customers with customized process solutions and machines. Customers are welcome to inquire.

Physical Vapor Deposition Coating Techniques

The main vacuum coaitng method :PVD (Vacuum evaporation). Sputtering (Vacuum sputtering), ion plating .

1. Vacuum deposition

Vacuum deposition is plating material is heated in a vacuum, evaporation, so that evaporation of the atom or atomic group at a lower temperature of the substrate, thereby forming a film. When the kettle to boil water to make steam out of the windows covered with a layer of water vapor similar to blur. It is the use of resistance heating, high frequency induction heating or high energy beam (electron beam, laser beam, ion beam) bombardment coating material into vapor, and the deposition surface of the substrate to a mature technology.

Resistance heating means inexpensive, simple, widely used for Au, Ag, Cu, Ni, Cr and other semiconductor materials and the resistive material deposition, except for special materials, almost can meet the requirements of the coating. Electron-beam evaporation method is used for the production of the semiconductor industry, as demanding as the purity of the insulator film and the evaporation, Al deposition of high-speed, high-melting material deposition and the like.

2. Sputtering

Sputtering is a phenomenon of film formation by sputtering method. Sputtering phenomenon like throwing an iron ball on the gravel, gravel will be Zhuangfei out that. Sputtering under an argon gas is filled in the vacuum conditions, the glow discharge technique, argon gas was ionized argon ion (Ar +), argon ion under the action of the electric force acceleration bombardment cathode, the cathode materials (coating materials ) are sputtered down, deposited onto the surface coating method of forming. Sputtered film is divided into DC sputtering, RF magnetron s​puttering and sputtering.

Recent studies have focused on the sputtering in the sputtering film formation rate increase, reducing the sputtering gas pressure and a controlled ion beam sputtering and so on.

Cheap shot coating method in many areas of production of integrated circuits, various types of flat panel displays, electronic components production and optical, watch industry, etc., are rapid promotion and universal application, it has become the core technology of thin films.

3. Ion plating

Ion plating is under vacuum, using a variety of gas-discharge technology evaporated atoms are partially ionized into a plasma, and produce large amounts of high neutral particle, coating deposited on the workpiece surface is formed. Ion plating and vacuum deposition; sputtering fundamental difference in the first two coating over substrate during potentials are zero, and in the ion plating process, the need to add certain amplitude negative bias on the substrate, although the ion plating method than vacuum evaporation and sputtering

Uses a variety of vacuum coating machine case

             

1. vacuum coating machine in use on decorations
Daily decorations very much, whether it is with the hands, wearing, put the house, the car hanging, eyes to see, packaging, in short, is to decorate beautiful, and many products need to achieve a particular look effect undoubtedly surface treatment, using vacuum coating machine for surface coating to change the appearance inevitable.

2. The vacuum coating machine in use on glass
Glass is the most touching thing. Whether it is used in everyday life mirrors, glass building on the inside and outside houses, car mirrors, mobile phone screen glass. Ordinary glass fragile performance is not high, although the film can not change the glass material itself and performance, but can make the glass have special effects, such as we use a mirror can be used in vacuum coating machine silver plating on a surface made of glass the film to make it crystal clear reflection.

3. vacuum coating machine in terms of the use of solar energy
Solar film coating system is now very popular in general, because the solar absorption of sunlight to store energy demanding, collecting solar energy for the wavelength spectrum have certain requirements to be valid to consider the use of solar thermal energy absorbing surface wavelengths, using vacuum coating machine this film can be plated system.

4. Vacuum Coaters use in optical products
Optical products, many of which are required reflection, AR, absorption and other characteristics, such as binoculars, cameras and other products requiring high light transmission and absorption capacity, everything is a combination of a variety of substances, different combinations may be generated different results, can not be separated in the optical coating technology products, applications, often need to use the vacuum coating machine.

5. vacuum coating machine in integrated circuits, sensors, tooling and other products use
Motherboard very familiar with it, the board production process, surface treatment, the particular film coating system is a must. One of the core values of IC technology vacuum coating technology; in semiconductors, using the case of a lot of films; the tool, in the mold, the appliance coating process hard coating is very common.

Evaporation vacuum coating machine works

                     

Vacuum coating machine vacuum evaporation coating (referred to evaporation) is the earliest development of PVD technology, is widely used in coating technology. Although later developed sputtering and ion plating is superior in many respects than the deposition, but there are many advantages of vacuum evaporation techniques, such as equipment and technology is relatively simple and can be very pure film coating system, but also to prepare film with a specific structure and nature, are still very important in today's coating technology. In recent years, due to electron bombardment evaporation, high frequency induction evaporation and laser evaporation technique widely used in the evaporation coating techniques to make this technology more perfect.

The membranes placed in a vacuum coating chamber, by heating to evaporate the evaporation source, when the mean free path of the molecules is greater than the linear dimensions of the evaporation vacuum coating chamber, atomic and molecular vapor to escape from the rear surface of the evaporation source, rarely other molecules or atoms impact the obstacle, can be plated directly to the substrate surface, due to the low substrate temperature, it condenses thereon to form a film, in order to improve the adhesion to the substrate molecule was evaporated, the substrate is heated appropriately is necessary. For the evaporation coating smoothly, should have the vacuum evaporation process and the process of film evaporation.

Vacuum evaporation process conditions: when the mean free path of the vapor molecules of the vacuum coating indoor greater than the distance of the evaporation source and the substrate (called steaming distance), will obtain a sufficient vacuum. For this reason, increasing the mean free path of the residual gas, so as to reduce the probability of collisions with residual gas molecules of steam molecules, the vacuum coating chamber evacuated to a high vacuum is necessary.

Vacuum coating process, the requirements for the degree of vacuum is not the higher the better, because the degree of vacuum in the vacuum coating interior beyond 10-6Pa, you must bake the vacuum degassing system can be achieved. Since baking degassing can cause pollution of the substrate, thus without baking degassing under a high vacuum can be obtained when the film 10-5Pa, the quality of the film is not necessarily lower than the ultra-high vacuum film prepared poor quality, it is worth noting. Therefore, in the vacuum evaporation coating equipment, coating chamber vacuum degree of choice should be generally higher than 10-2Pa, less than 10-5Pa.