Evaporation vacuum coating machine works

                     

Vacuum coating machine vacuum evaporation coating (referred to evaporation) is the earliest development of PVD technology, is widely used in coating technology. Although later developed sputtering and ion plating is superior in many respects than the deposition, but there are many advantages of vacuum evaporation techniques, such as equipment and technology is relatively simple and can be very pure film coating system, but also to prepare film with a specific structure and nature, are still very important in today's coating technology. In recent years, due to electron bombardment evaporation, high frequency induction evaporation and laser evaporation technique widely used in the evaporation coating techniques to make this technology more perfect.

The membranes placed in a vacuum coating chamber, by heating to evaporate the evaporation source, when the mean free path of the molecules is greater than the linear dimensions of the evaporation vacuum coating chamber, atomic and molecular vapor to escape from the rear surface of the evaporation source, rarely other molecules or atoms impact the obstacle, can be plated directly to the substrate surface, due to the low substrate temperature, it condenses thereon to form a film, in order to improve the adhesion to the substrate molecule was evaporated, the substrate is heated appropriately is necessary. For the evaporation coating smoothly, should have the vacuum evaporation process and the process of film evaporation.

Vacuum evaporation process conditions: when the mean free path of the vapor molecules of the vacuum coating indoor greater than the distance of the evaporation source and the substrate (called steaming distance), will obtain a sufficient vacuum. For this reason, increasing the mean free path of the residual gas, so as to reduce the probability of collisions with residual gas molecules of steam molecules, the vacuum coating chamber evacuated to a high vacuum is necessary.

Vacuum coating process, the requirements for the degree of vacuum is not the higher the better, because the degree of vacuum in the vacuum coating interior beyond 10-6Pa, you must bake the vacuum degassing system can be achieved. Since baking degassing can cause pollution of the substrate, thus without baking degassing under a high vacuum can be obtained when the film 10-5Pa, the quality of the film is not necessarily lower than the ultra-high vacuum film prepared poor quality, it is worth noting. Therefore, in the vacuum evaporation coating equipment, coating chamber vacuum degree of choice should be generally higher than 10-2Pa, less than 10-5Pa.

Vacuum coating machine hypersonic wind tunnel system transformation

             

To improve the efficiency of vacuum coating machine hypersonic wind tunnel tests to meet the needs of the new situation, the protection of the vacuum system has been modified. After the transformation, the vacuum system operation and maintenance to reduce costs and improve the operating environment, significantly improve the efficiency of wind tunnel tests. This article describes the vacuum protection system reform program, carried out before and after the transformation of the system performance comparison.

Vacuum systems are hypersonic wind tunnel blowing suction important driving force protection system to protect the ability of the vacuum system directly restricts the ability of a hypersonic wind tunnel test. China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center of Φ1 m hypersonic wind tunnel, Φ0.3 m density hypersonic wind tunnel, a hypersonic wind tunnel arc share a vacuum system, this vacuum system operation for nearly 40 years, increasingly unable to meet the growing improve wind tunnel test requirements.

The main vacuum suction device for H-600 system rotary piston vacuum pump, which pumps for oil seal mechanical pump, one unit is aging, inefficient operation and maintenance costs are too high, partly because of the vacuum pump oil burning arc corrosion product reacts undermine the normal operation of the vacuum pump, and serious environmental pollution, restricting the completion of the test tasks. To meet the needs of the growing number of wind tunnel tests, increasing the protection capacity of the vacuum system, to ensure that the operator of the vacuum system has been upgraded necessary.

Metal locks and vacuum coating equipment industry

                 

Metal locks companies in order to obtain long-term development not only need to focus on quality, the pursuit of innovation, but also need to rack their brains to do the marketing strategy. To do business marketing, really want brains, flower fan thought the job done nature of marketing! Understand the market demand to have their own marketing personality, with their own characteristics to create a demand to attract consumers;

On the other hand is a comprehensive manner to meet customer demand for nature-based, which means that the nature of the business to develop a colorful comparison of alternative products to break through the conventional strike force rich marketing, mining, guide, create and satisfy the market demand, in line with today's people novelty, difference, change of personal consumption tide.

At present, with the development of real estate, cars and other pillar industries, improvement of living standards and an increase in home decorating, the growing demand for locks, which greatly boosted spending to upgrade the market, also contributed to the rapid development of the industry. Locks in terms of technology, or the grade, there has also been enhanced. Double tongue resumed security locks, electronic password lock spherical, magnetic locks, encryption type, excellent quality, high-tech smart locks the market, is the best performance. Domestic and foreign products and technologies changing locks, locks the super market is gradually Gold exudes eye-catching golden.

While high-end lock products have become the mainstream consumer market trends, but the industry needs to want a higher level efforts in many ways. The production process, the surface treatment and processing fuss (such as the use of plating decorative film or functional film), improve product durability and decorative, but also the development and application of the latest technology, materials, energy reduction consumption and reduce pollution. In marketing, increase the intensity of the adjustment of product structure, selecting the right starting point, the high-tech, high value-added R & D focus lock as the implementation of brand strategy, further enhance brand awareness, improving quality management, and strict quality standards, foster a number of quality hardware, industry big name brands.

Uneven coating processing vacuum coating machine

         

  Vacuum coating machine handling different processes differ, casual glitches are likely to affect the normal operation of the whole machine equipment, encountered problems to one investigation, with experienced instructors can often solve many problems. Speaking of the uniformity of the coating, which is one of the standard assessment of a vacuum coating machine is good or bad.
  Machine coating process, handle uneven coating vacuum coating machine, you need to troubleshoot the film may affect the uniformity of the problem, before the mass detection repaired. All film coating machine coating system will be affected to some extent in the case of film uniformity, take magnetron sputtering vacuum coating machine for a brief example:
  Magnetron sputtering of work is not as complicated, with a highly efficient and stable by sputtering source bombarded targets in a certain vacuum coating indoor environmental conditions, so it is a PVD target physical decomposition process, the target decomposed atoms form a film deposition surface of the product through the process. During the reaction, consider packing a magnetic field uniformity, vacuum environment, the protection of gas three aspects affect film uniformity. However, some changes in the uneven film may also be unstable or is caused by target sputtering source, this type of situation is more difficult to handle.
  You know, no matter Monitor precision coating machine comes with high or low, it is only able to control the position of a single point of interior coating layer thickness, generally refers to the middle position of products, even to this point by controlling the film away from this point to ensure product film uniformity.
  Vacuum environment is controlled by suction, the time required to maintain a stable degree of vacuum accurate detection and control systems, need to stop pumping when the degree of vacuum reaches a desired state, the degree of vacuum state is required to be lower than the need for timely evacuation regulation. There is a reasonable degree of vacuum coating interval range that the retardation decreased as the greater the required accuracy, the more difficult to control, better and more stable relative to the regulator; interval accuracy the greater the difference, the lower range, for detection and control system requirements low relative pressure greater volatility, the greater the impact for the film uniformity.
  In the past few years, more and more customers have increasingly high demands on the machine's requirements, especially the quality of the film density and uniformity, etc., for the production of coating machine manufacturers, to improve their technology is competitive protection force.

Vacuum laminating machine and vacuum coating machine

       

If taken literally, would basically think vacuum laminating machine and vacuum coating machine is the same thing, but the fact is that these two products, whether process or technology, the way is different, laminating machine does not mean that coater.
First is that the laminating machine:
Depending on the process and equipment covered include "laminating film" and "that film"; which can be divided into sub-film and film. Vacuum laminating machine is generally used in film coating on the paper and building materials and materials are more, such as furniture, cabinets, decorative materials, etc. affixed PVC, plastic film made.
Vacuum laminating machine rapid heating, rapid absorption coating, rapid prototyping, rapid cold wind power into the entire workspace, so work fast setting, complete digital control system uses automatic control, cover a flat surface, smooth and firm. According to the evaluation system, "a new vacuum laminating machine manufacturing industry" and alternatives and quantitative indicators system, from a new perspective on China vacuum laminating machine manufacturing industry has been deduced and accurate predictions.
coating:
Composed of vacuum coating machine includes a vacuum chamber, vacuum test system, vacuum system, film control systems, oil diffusion pumps, vacuum pumps, condensate pumps, mechanical pumps. Vacuum coating machines need to complete the job in a relatively higher vacuum conditions are more industrial applications, whether it is metal, plastic, electronic components, research, glass, ceramics, electronics, toys, mobile phones and other industries are widely used, vacuum coating machine can multi-layer film coating system, multi-color, seven-color, vacuum coating machine by magnetron sputtering process, MBE molecular beam epitaxy process, ion evaporation process, laser sputtering deposition processes.

The vacuum knowledge

First, the basic concept of vacuum

Vacuum technology, the "vacuum" refers to a given space, the gas pressure is below atmospheric pressure gas state, that is to say, compared with the normal atmospheric pressure, a gas is relatively lean state.

The degree of vacuum is an objective measure of the degree of lean gas. According to the theory of vacuum technology, the vacuum level is usually represented by gas pressure. In the International System of Units, the pressure is Pa (Pa) as a unit 1Pa = 1N / m2. Another common unit as well as child care (Torr), millimeters of mercury (mmHg), millibar (mbar), engineering atmospheric pressure (kg / cm 2).

Divided vacuum region is no uniform requirement, it usually is divided country:
Rough vacuum: (760 to 10) Torr
Low vacuum: (10 to 10-3) Torr
High vacuum: (10-3 to 10-8) Torr
Ultrahigh vacuum: (10-8 ~ 10-12) care
XHV: 10-12 Torr
Relations care and Pa: 1 Torr = 1 mm Hg (mmHg) = 133.322Pa, 1 Pa = 7.5 × 10-3 Torr.

Features vacuum region of their different applications are different, such as vacuum cleaners work in rough area, thermos bottle, light bulbs and other work in the low vacuum region, while the vacuum switch and some other vacuum devices are working in a high vacuum region.All of the vacuum pressure need the vacuum pumps,or vacuum system to reach,such as rotary vane vacuum pump,liquid ring vacuum pump,rotary piston vacuum pump,dry scroll vacuum pump and so on.

Second, the insulating properties of the vacuum gap

A pair of electrodes placed in a vacuum, when high voltage is applied, at a certain voltage will produce an electrical breakdown between the electrodes. Its breakdown and electrical breakdown in the air is very different. Air breakdown is due to a small amount of free electron gas in high-speed motion, collide with gas molecules in the electric field produced more electrons and ions, electrons and ions newborn again collide with neutral atoms to produce more electrons and ions. This avalanche ionization process in the discharge channel is formed between the electrodes, resulting in an arc. The vacuum or vacuum pump , due to the low pressure, gas molecules rarely, in such an environment, even if the electrode gap exists in electronic, they fly from one electrode while the other electrode, also rarely have the opportunity to collide with gas molecules. Thus there can be caused by the collision of electrons and gas molecules avalanche electrical breakdown. It is very rare because of the gas molecules, electrical breakdown required vacuum gap formation is possible at very high voltages out of the scene emission and other phenomena. Theoretically speculated that the electric field strength required to cause electrical breakdown will be reached when the 108V / cm or more, in fact, due to a series of negative factors such as the impact strength of the vacuum insulation gap electrode surface roughness, cleanliness, etc., will be lower than the theoretical calculation value several orders of magnitude.

A high degree of vacuum in the vacuum interrupter, typically 10-3 ~ 10-6 Pa, when the dielectric strength of the vacuum gap is much higher than an atmospheric pressure of air and the dielectric strength of SF6, the ratio of the transformer oil dielectric strength even higher. Because of the high dielectric strength vacuum, vacuum interrupter all clearances can be made very small. For example 12kV vacuum interrupter contacts open only from 8 ~ 12mm, 40.5kV vacuum interrupter contact opening distance as long as 18 ~ 25mm, vacuum interrupter other clearances are in this range of scales.

Third, the main factors affecting the level of vacuum insulation

Vacuum insulation is a very complex physical process and the mechanism is so far no clear conclusion. From a practical point of view, mainly in the following aspects:

1, the geometry of the electrodes

Geometry of the electrodes has a great influence on the distribution of the electric field, are often not appropriate due to the geometry, causing localized excessive concentration of the electric field caused by the breakdown, which is particularly prominent in the high voltage vacuum products.

Radius of curvature of the edges of the electrodes is an important factor. In general, large radius of curvature the capacity electrode is smaller than the breakdown voltage of the large radius of curvature.

In addition, the breakdown voltage is also inversely proportional to the electrode area, and that with the increase of the electrode area is reduced. The main area is increased resulting in a reduced withstand voltage because the discharge probability increases.

2, the gap distance

Vacuum breakdown voltage and the gap distance has a relatively clear relationship. Tests showed that when the gap distance is small (≤5mm), the breakdown voltage of the gap distance increases linearly increase, but with the further increase in the gap distance, the breakdown voltage of the slowdown, i.e. vacuum gap breakdown electric field strength increases gap distance decreases. When the gap reached a certain length (≥20mm), increasing the gap distance alone raise the pressure level has been very difficult, but this time using more favorable than single fracture fracture.

Generally believed that electrical short gap breakdown under field emission is mainly caused by the long gap between the lower and the electrical breakdown of the particle effects are mainly due.

3, the electrode material

Vacuum switches operate in a high vacuum over 10-2Pa, because this time is very rare gas molecules, gas molecules collide against the free breakdown has no effect, so the breakdown voltage and electrode materials exhibit a strong correlation.

Breakdown voltage of the vacuum gap varies with different electrode materials, the researchers found that the breakdown voltage and the hardness and mechanical strength of the material. In general, the hardness and high mechanical strength material, tend to have a higher dielectric strength. For example, steel electrodes hardness after quenching, before hardening than the breakdown voltage can be increased by 80%.

In addition, the breakdown voltage and also a cathode material physical constants such as melting point, specific heat and density are related, i.e., a material whose melting point higher breakdown voltage is higher. Specific heat and density in terms versa. The essence of the problem is in the same action of thermal energy, the greater the probability of occurrence of the molten material, the lower the breakdown voltage.

4, the degree of vacuum

Figure 1 shows the relationship between the breakdown voltage and the gas pressure in the gap between. Can be seen from FIG vacuum higher than 10-2Pa (10-4 Torr), the breakdown voltage is substantially longer with decreasing gas pressure increases, the gas molecules collide because the phenomenon is no longer free to function. When the gas pressure is gradually increased from l0-2Pa (vacuum reduction), the breakdown strength is gradually decreased, while close to 1 Torr (approximately 102Pa) minimum, and later with increased pressure and increased. As can be seen from the curve when the degree of vacuum higher than 10-2Pa its compressive strength is substantially unchanged. This indicates that the degree of vacuum interrupter when 10-2Pa more fully able to meet the needs of normal use.

5, the electrode surface condition

Condition of the electrode surface breakdown voltage greater impact on the vacuum gap. Oxide electrode surface, impurities and metal particles will cause the breakdown voltage of the vacuum gap decreased.

In addition, regardless of the electrode surface in a vacuum interrupter manufacturing process was how large current breaking will involve electrode surface becomes uneven, which will also make the breakdown voltage decreases.

6. Aging effect

Aging electrode voltage and current Burn Burn two kinds.

When a new test vacuum gap, the breakdown voltage tends to lower the first few times. With the increase of the number of trials of the breakdown voltage is gradually increased, eventually stabilize at a certain value. This breakdown voltage with frequency increasing breakdown voltage phenomenon is the role of the old mill.

Aging is the voltage on the electrode surface by microscopic projections discharge elimination of impurities and defects. So that a small current through the discharge point of the surface of microscopic projections seizure, evaporation, smooth surface of the electrode, a local electric field enhancement effect is reduced, improving the breakdown voltage. Aging purification effect on the electrode surface is also very important. Since the electron emission electrode surface prone to lower the work function of the place where the impurities, also makes the discharge breakdown melting and volatile impurities, can also increase the breakdown voltage of the gap. Aging process, if at the same time the vacuum pump pumping, the evaporating gaseous substance pumped, the better. Aging voltage only suitable for use in a vacuum gap breakdown voltage increase, the vacuum interrupter contacts gap breakdown voltage increase will not have much effect. Arc on the contact surface of the burning effect will make the voltage experienced all fail.

Plastic vacuum coating equipment vacuum evaporation Plating Technology

 

 Vacuum coating equipments plastic decorative film evaporation plating, general plastic vacuum evaporation coating machine has horizontal vertical double room (clam-shaped) two.
  Vacuum coating machine evaporation coating process is: cleaning degreasing - shelves - a cured primer - Evaporation a topcoat a cured - a stained shelves - Inspection.

The following detailed description coating processes.‍
​‍    (1) incoming inspection.
    (2) drying. When the member to be coated with more incoming water, shall be dried 3 ~ 5h, a temperature of 50 ~ 60 ℃.
    (3) shelves. Coating by vacuum coating machine basic requirements in general injection molding, and therefore to be plated surface is generally less oil, after the general can wipe the shelves, but the incoming oil for a long time need to be decontaminated. Method is to use commercially available detergent by piece brushing, rinsing and drying. Oil cleaning agent in serious cases required 50 ~ 60 ℃, soak 15 ~ 20min degreased.
    (4) removal. This process is to ensure that one of the key vacuum coating machine coating quality, there are two ways: one is to use a vacuum cleaner to be aligned Shang Hao rack plating carefully dust, can achieve better results; the other is to use high-pressure gas "dust" method, this method must be equipped with water separator, but in practice this method is not very satisfactory; Another method is to use electrostatic precipitation method, when using the higher quality requirements .
    (5) primer. Primer coating is to ensure the quality of the key of the two, primed aims to improve the plated surface finish and brightness; improve film adhesion.
    (6) drying. Need to be painted after leveling dryness treatment, infrared heating method, an electric heating method, and ultraviolet (UV) curing method and the like. The curing temperature is 60 ~ 70 ℃, the curing time is 1.5 ~ 2.5h.
    (7) Coating. Coating is the key to ensuring the quality of the coating.
    (8) topcoat. Protect the metal film, to prepare for the coloring process.
    (9) A colored. After the dyeing treatment can be completely cured topcoat. According to customer requirements, according to the different colors are formulated by a certain percentage, commonly available gluten preparation 24K gold, gold and Pink; preparation of black with black powder, pink and green, pink and blue. To enhance wetting plating can be added 1% glacial acetic acid, color temperature control at 60 ~ 70 ℃, not to exceed 80 ℃.